Its an open source (Cheap!) micro controller, developed to be easy to use and flexible. As its open source anyone can build a board and market it. Popular board makers include official Arduino boards, DFRobot and Seeedstudio. It comes in multiple forms from the Nano with 14 digital and 8 analog pins to the Mega with 54 digital and 16 analog pins. The Arduino can be programmed using open source software provided by Arduino on Windows, Linux and Mac platforms.
Code is written in Sketches, and quite closely resemble the C programming language syntax and keywords.
I've tried other micro controller systems however as I'm developing on a Mac, and Arduino has a huge support community, I think its the better choice than say PICAXE or BASIC Stamp. Most Arduino boards accept a USB connection and can be programmed this way.
The board I'll be using is the Duemilanove which features 14 digital pins and 6 analog pins. This should be enough for most basic projects and perhaps my first robot :)
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